Managers must wear many different hats in formulating and implementing task activities related to their positions. In an attempt to understand the diversity of hats managers must wear, Henry Mintzberg examined managerial activities on a daily basis. His study enabled him to identify ten different but, coordinated sets of behavior, or roles, that managers assume. These ten roles can be separated into three general groupings: interpersonal roles, informational roles, and decisional roles. These are the Managerial Roles stated:
INTERPERSONAL-Three of the manager's roles come into play when the manager must engage in interpersonal relationships. The three roles of figurehead, leader, and liaison are each necessary under differing circumstances. Adopting one or another of the three interpersonal roles is made easier by the formal authority the manager obtains from the organization.
Figurehead- Performs ceremonial and symbolic duties such as greeting visitors, signing legal documents
Leader- Direct and motivate subordinates, training, counseling, and communicating with subordinates
Liaison-Maintain information links both inside and outside organizaion; use mail, phone calls, meetings
INFORMATIONAL-These informational roles are created as a result of enacting the set of interpersonal roles already described. A network of interpersonal contacts with both subordinates and individuals outside the work unit serves to establish the manager as an informational nerve center of the unit, responsible for gathering, receiving, and transmitting information that concerns members of the work unit.
Monitor- Seek and receive information, scan periodicals and reports, maintain personal contacts
Disseminator- Forward information to other organization members; send memos and reports, make phone calls
Spokesperson-Transmit information to outsiders through speeches, reports, memos
DECISIONAL-Entrepreneur-Initiate improvement projects, identify new ideas, delegate idea responsibility to others
Disturbance Handler-Take corrective action during disputes or crises; resolve conflicts among subordinates; adapt to environmental crises
Resource Allocator-Decide who gets resources, scheduling, budgeting, setting priorities
Negotiator-Represent department during negotiation of union contracts, sales, purchases, budgets; represent departmental interests
Sources: http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~ml325898/esp/Roles.html
INTERPERSONAL-Three of the manager's roles come into play when the manager must engage in interpersonal relationships. The three roles of figurehead, leader, and liaison are each necessary under differing circumstances. Adopting one or another of the three interpersonal roles is made easier by the formal authority the manager obtains from the organization.
Figurehead- Performs ceremonial and symbolic duties such as greeting visitors, signing legal documents
Leader- Direct and motivate subordinates, training, counseling, and communicating with subordinates
Liaison-Maintain information links both inside and outside organizaion; use mail, phone calls, meetings
INFORMATIONAL-These informational roles are created as a result of enacting the set of interpersonal roles already described. A network of interpersonal contacts with both subordinates and individuals outside the work unit serves to establish the manager as an informational nerve center of the unit, responsible for gathering, receiving, and transmitting information that concerns members of the work unit.
Monitor- Seek and receive information, scan periodicals and reports, maintain personal contacts
Disseminator- Forward information to other organization members; send memos and reports, make phone calls
Spokesperson-Transmit information to outsiders through speeches, reports, memos
DECISIONAL-Entrepreneur-Initiate improvement projects, identify new ideas, delegate idea responsibility to others
Disturbance Handler-Take corrective action during disputes or crises; resolve conflicts among subordinates; adapt to environmental crises
Resource Allocator-Decide who gets resources, scheduling, budgeting, setting priorities
Negotiator-Represent department during negotiation of union contracts, sales, purchases, budgets; represent departmental interests
Sources: http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~ml325898/esp/
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